This podcast episode explores the challenges and advancements in scaling language models, the importance of tokenizers and algorithms, the concept of expert iteration and continual augmentation, the choices made in post-training to optimize models, the benefits of using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), the promising approach of reconciliating supersonic tuning and RLHF, the evaluation process for AI models, the importance of evaluations for confidence estimation and uncertainty benchmarking, the breakthrough of connecting language models (LLMs) to agents, and the challenges faced by founders in the AI field. It discusses the different aspects of language model development and highlights the need for continuous improvement and adaptation in this rapidly evolving field.