In this episode of the Android Developers Backstage podcast, Tor Norby and Romain Guy dive into the world of micro-optimizations in Android development, focusing on Kotlin and Jetpack Compose. They discuss the delicate balance between writing code that is easy to read and achieving top-notch performance. The conversation highlights the benefits of Kotlin features, such as value classes, and underscores the importance of understanding how compilers like KotlinC, R8, and JIT, along with runtime environments, influence performance. They also stress the significance of profiling tools, including their custom tool, Kotlin Explorer, which helps analyze bytecode and assembly to pinpoint performance issues. Ultimately, they advocate for a thoughtful approach to optimization, one that is guided by profiling insights while maintaining code readability.