This podcast episode explores the devastating impact of the slaughter of bison on indigenous nations in the 19th century and the lasting effects it had on their economies and well-being. The research reveals that bison-hunting peoples had a height advantage due to better nutrition and health, but this advantage declined dramatically when millions of bison were killed for hides. The loss of bison led to economic devastation, starvation, and a decrease in height among indigenous communities. Even today, bison-reliant nations have lower incomes compared to other indigenous groups. However, there is hope for the future as efforts are being made to bring back bison to indigenous reservations.