This podcast episode examines evolutionary perspectives on the study of intelligence and the brain, particularly focusing on "The Five Breakthroughs That Made Our Brains" by Max Bennett. By integrating knowledge from comparative psychology, evolutionary neuroscience, and AI, the discussion ranging from animal navigation systems and brain evolution to cognitive abilities and breakthroughs in primate brains, sheds light on the key developments and structural changes associated with intelligence. The podcast also explores how language and cultural evolution have additionally impacted human intelligence and considers the potential implications and challenges of an evolving relationship between humans and AI systems. It concludes by highlighting the complexities in defining and understanding intelligence, while emphasizing the need for further exploration.