This podcast episode explores the changing population dynamics of India, focusing on the declining fertility rates and the shift in causes of mortality. It highlights the role of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in these trends and discusses the importance of conversations around aging and development. The section also emphasizes the improvements in development, such as access to drinking water and decline in infant mortality, but notes that certain inequalities persist, including urban-rural disparities and gender disparities in access to technology and the formal labor market. The section concludes by highlighting the need for politicians to understand the demands of women voters for economic independence and participation.