In this podcast episode, Dr. Carole Hooven explores the complex role of testosterone, challenging common doubts about its impact on masculinity, behavior, and development. She takes a closer look at scientific, historical, and developmental viewpoints, debunking myths that prioritize environmental factors over biological ones in explaining sex differences. Dr. Hooven also discusses how testosterone interacts with societal influences. The episode highlights the significant effects of testosterone from prenatal stages through puberty and advocates for a nuanced understanding of masculinity that recognizes both its strengths and challenges.