This podcast episode explores the significance of religion as a cultural and psychological innovation in human evolution. It discusses how religion served as a mechanism to solve problems related to trust and cooperation in different societies and times. The impact of religious practices on human behavior, the emergence of big punitive gods in societies facing challenges, and the evolution of religions through cultural adaptation are also examined. The podcast delves into the functional roles of religion, including fostering social cohesion and promoting moral behavior. It touches on the psychological impact of extreme rituals, the relationship between religion and coalitional violence, and the tension between evolutionary reasoning and religious faith. Throughout the episode, guest speakers and researchers provide insights and personal experiences, highlighting the complexities and benefits of religion.