This podcast episode explores the various theories and factors that contribute to weight gain and obesity. It discusses the sugar hypothesis, over-nutrition theory, hormonal theory, and metabolic theory, highlighting the limitations of each. The podcast also examines the impact of seed oils, protein intake, fructose, and alcohol on weight management and overall health. Additionally, it introduces the concept of metabolic health and emphasizes the importance of focusing on body composition rather than solely losing weight. The episode concludes by introducing allulose, a low-calorie sugar that has shown potential as a safe and beneficial sugar substitute.